The diagnosis of balance disorders, of hearing disorders, tinnitus, and vertigo requires experience and thorough knowledge of anatomy and physiology invovlved as well as the complexity of their pathophysiology.
Neuro-otology exam lab
Vertigo
Vertigo is the feeling that you or your environment is moving , tilting, spinning or falling. It differs from dizziness in that vertigo describes an illusion of movement. When you feel as if you yourself are moving, it’s called subjective vertigo, and the perception that your surroundings are moving is called objective vertigo
Vertigo occurs when there is conflict between the signals sent to the brain by various balance- and position-sensing systems of the body. Your brain uses input from four sensory systems to maintain your sense of balance and orientation to your surroundings.
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the perception of noise or ringing in the ears.
A common problem, tinnitus affects about 1 in 5 people. Tinnitus isn’t a condition itself — it’s a symptom of an underlying condition, such as age-related hearing loss, ear injury or a circulatory system disorder.
Objective tinnitus is tinnitus your doctor can hear when he or she does an examination. This rare type of tinnitus may be caused by a blood vessel problem, a middle ear bone condition or muscle contractions.








































