{"id":4539,"date":"2019-04-03T16:37:10","date_gmt":"2019-04-03T16:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ent.gr\/?p=4539"},"modified":"2019-07-05T23:07:18","modified_gmt":"2019-07-05T20:07:18","slug":"neurophysiology-of-tinnitus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/neurophysiology-of-tinnitus\/","title":{"rendered":"Neurophysiology of Tinnitus"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/neurophysiology-of-tinnitus\/#A_number_of_health_conditions_can_cause_or_worsen_tinnitus\" >A number of health conditions can cause or worsen tinnitus.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/neurophysiology-of-tinnitus\/#Neurophysiology\" >Neurophysiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/neurophysiology-of-tinnitus\/#Projections_in_the_Brain\" >Projections in the Brain<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_number_of_health_conditions_can_cause_or_worsen_tinnitus\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 18pt;\">A number of health conditions can cause or worsen tinnitus. <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">In many cases, an exact cause for\u00a0Tinnitus <\/span><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">is never found.<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ent.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03ad\u03c21.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Tinnitus.ent\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ent.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03ad\u03c21-300x228.gif\" alt=\"Tinnitus.ent\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tinnitus<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">A common cause is inner ear cell damage. Tiny, delicate hairs in your inner ear move in relation to the pressure of sound waves. This triggers ear cells to release an electrical signal through a nerve from your ear (auditory nerve) to your brain. Consequently, your brain interprets these signals as sound. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">If the hairs inside your inner ear are bent or broken, they can &#8220;leak&#8221; random electrical impulses to your brain, causing tinnitus.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">Other causes of tinnitus include other ear problems, chronic health conditions, and injuries. Furthermore, conditions that affect the nerves in your ear or the hearing center in your brain may also contribute to the induction of tinnitus.<\/span><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neurophysiology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 18pt;\">Neurophysiology<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">Clinically, subjective tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of auditory stimulation. In terms of neurophysiology, tinnitus is the consequence of the brain\u2019s response to input deprivation from the auditory periphery. In the healthy auditory system, there is an ordered tonotopic frequency mapping from the auditory periphery (cochlea), through the midbrain, to the auditory cortex. <\/span><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Projections_in_the_Brain\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 18pt;\">Projections in the Brain<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">When a region of the cochlea is damaged, the subcortical and cortical projections adjust to this chronic lack of output (plasticity). Hence, the tonotopic organization is altered. In the auditory cortex, the region that corresponds to the area of cochlear damage is termed the <a href=\"https:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/~wandell\/data\/papers\/2020-CurrentBiology-Masuda.pdf\">lesion projection zone<\/a> (LPZ). After cochlear damage, neurons in the LPZ show 2 important changes: an increase in the spontaneous firing rate and an increase in the frequency representation of the neurons that border the region of damage (the so-called lesion edge frequencies).<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">These findings are explained in terms of a) the loss of central inhibition on the regions that are damaged and b) cortical plasticity of the neighboring regions of the cortex that are still active. As a result, tinnitus neurophysiology is related to detrimental cortical adaptation to input deprivation from the sensory periphery.<\/span><\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row pix_padding_top=&#8221;pix-top-no-padding&#8221; pix_padding_bottom=&#8221;pix-bottom-no-padding&#8221; gradient_colors=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Contact us&#8221; color=&#8221;turquoise&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-phone&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; link=&#8221;url:%2Fen%2Fcontacts||target:%20_blank|&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Book an appointment&#8221; color=&#8221;turquoise&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-calendar&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; link=&#8221;url:%2Fen%2Fappointment||target:%20_blank|&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Get directions&#8221; color=&#8221;turquoise&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-map-marker&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fdir%2F%2FEyiasis%2BENT%2BAcupuncture%2C%2BGeor.%2BDrosini%2B16%2C%2BKifisia%2B145%2B62%2F%4038.0718225%2C23.8122364%2C15z%2Fdata%3D!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x14a19edf40479729%3A0xa4593bd0e0aed04b!2m2!1d23.8122364!2d38.0718225||target:%20_blank|&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A common cause of tinnitus is inner ear cell damage. Tiny, delicate hairs in your inner ear move in relation to the pressure of sound waves&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13184,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150,151,162],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ent-the-ear","category-neuro-otology","category-neuro-otology-tinnitus"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4539\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}