{"id":4172,"date":"2019-04-03T11:51:17","date_gmt":"2019-04-03T11:51:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ent.gr\/?p=4172"},"modified":"2019-06-28T13:19:56","modified_gmt":"2019-06-28T10:19:56","slug":"olfaction-sense-of-smell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/olfaction-sense-of-smell\/","title":{"rendered":"Olfaction (sense of smell)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/olfaction-sense-of-smell\/#What_are_smell_disorders\" >What are smell disorders?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/olfaction-sense-of-smell\/#Testing_Olfaction\" >Testing Olfaction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/olfaction-sense-of-smell\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div id=\"container\">\n<div id=\"content\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: helvetica;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">Sense of smell or\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/allergic-rhinitis\/smelling-disorder-anosmia-hyposmia\/\">Olfaction<\/a>, which is indirectly related to the perception of taste, is evaluated with smell identification tests.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_smell_disorders\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">What are smell disorders?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">Symptoms of anosmia or hyposmia can range from the not being able to smell or taste at all to the reduced ability to smell or taste specific things that are sweet, sour, bitter or salty. Furthermore, in some cases, normally pleasant tastes or smells may become unpleasant.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Testing_Olfaction\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Testing Olfaction<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: helvetica;\">Olfactory assessment is often neglected in clinical practice. Meanwhile, olfactory loss can assist in diagnosis and may lead to significant morbidity. &#8220;Sniffin&#8217; Sticks testing&#8221; is a modern test of nasal chemosensory performance that was developed in Germany and validated in many countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11950\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11950\" class=\"wp-image-11950 size-medium\" title=\"Sense of Smell examination.ent\" src=\"https:\/\/ent.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84-%CE%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82.%CE%95%CE%A5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%82-300x262.jpg\" alt=\"Sense of Smell examination.ent\" width=\"300\" height=\"262\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11950\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sense of Smell examination<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: helvetica;\">These sniffing tests are very reliable and accurate to determine olfactory function. We\u00a0 examine each\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 18.6667px;\">nasal cavity<\/span><span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0separately using a series of reusable pen-like odor-dispensing devices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: helvetica;\">An alteration in <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23886383\/\">taste<\/a> or smell may be a secondary process in various disease states, or it may be the primary symptom. Consequently, it is very important to be detected and diagnosed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: helvetica;\">References<\/span><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em><span style=\"font-family: helvetica;\">Hudson L, Silva MC, N\u00fa\u00f1ez JC, G\u00f3mez R, Venegas-Francke P. Valores normales de olfato, hiposmia y anosmia en poblaci\u00f3n chilena sana seg\u00fan la bater\u00eda &#8220;Sniffin Sticks&#8221; [Evaluation of olfaction in healthy subjects using the Sniffing Sticks battery]. Rev Med Chil. 2012 Apr;140(4):442-6.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"font-family: helvetica;\">Haxel BR, Bertz-Duffy S, Fruth K, Letzel S, Mann WJ, Muttray A. Comparison of subjective olfaction ratings in patients with and without olfactory disorders. J Laryngol Otol. 2012 Jul;126(7):692-7.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"font-family: helvetica;\">Rumeau C, Nguyen DT, Jankowski R. How to assess olfactory performance with the Sniffin&#8217; Sticks test(\u00ae). Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2016 Jun;133(3):203-6.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row pix_padding_top=&#8221;pix-top-no-padding&#8221; pix_padding_bottom=&#8221;pix-bottom-no-padding&#8221; gradient_colors=&#8221;%5B%7B%7D%5D&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Contact us&#8221; color=&#8221;turquoise&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-phone&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; link=&#8221;url:%2Fen%2Fcontacts||target:%20_blank|&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Book an appointment&#8221; color=&#8221;turquoise&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-calendar&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; link=&#8221;url:%2Fen%2Fappointment||target:%20_blank|&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Get directions&#8221; color=&#8221;turquoise&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-map-marker&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fdir%2F%2FEyiasis%2BENT%2BAcupuncture%2C%2BGeor.%2BDrosini%2B16%2C%2BKifisia%2B145%2B62%2F%4038.0718225%2C23.8122364%2C15z%2Fdata%3D!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x14a19edf40479729%3A0xa4593bd0e0aed04b!2m2!1d23.8122364!2d38.0718225||target:%20_blank|&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Olfaction, or sense of smell, which is indirectly related to the perception of taste, is evaluated with smell identification tests, which are very reliable&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13312,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ent-diagnostic-tests"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4172"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4172\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ent.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}